Kani Bast, Iraq’s highest waterfall and one of the natural treasures of Southern Kurdistan, stands 36 metres tall in the heart of the Balakayati mountains in Erbil Governorate. Known for its striking transformation each winter, the waterfall completely freezes, earning its Kurdish name “Kani Bast,” meaning “frozen spring.”
In recognition of its beauty and national significance, the waterfall’s image was featured on Iraq’s 50,000 dinar banknote issued in 2015, turning the once remote site into a national symbol.
Situated among the Kokheh and Sheikh Nasri mountain ranges, about eight kilometres east of Qasri sub-district, Kani Bast is part of the vast natural landscape surrounding Walza village. Towering at 1,700 metres above sea level, the area is known for its cool, moderate climate and breathtaking scenery. The waterfall, which splits the mountain into two, is a landmark officially recognised throughout Iraq and admired by visitors worldwide.
Reaching Kani Bast, however, is no simple journey. The road leading to the site is steep and winding, with limited facilities for tourists. Despite these challenges, Kurdish, Arab, and foreign visitors continue to flock there—particularly in spring and summer—drawn by the pristine nature and the opportunity for mountaineering. In winter, when the waterfall turns into a wall of ice, professional climbers are among its most frequent visitors.
Local residents say that tourism potential remains untapped due to poor road access and a lack of infrastructure. “In winter, Kani Bast completely freezes, turning into a solid ice mass,” said Dilawer Bayiz, a resident of Walza village. “Last year, it froze more deeply because of heavy snow, but this year, warmer weather caused less freezing.”
Another resident, Karim Qadir, described the scenery as “paradise-like” during spring. “If the road were paved, tourists would visit all year,” he added.
Beyond its visual grandeur, the surrounding region supports agriculture and offers prospects for eco-tourism. Locals have called for improved electricity networks, paved roads, and guest facilities to promote sustainable tourism and preserve the area’s natural beauty.
Located 152 kilometres northeast of Erbil city, Kani Bast remains a majestic symbol of Kurdistan’s untouched wilderness—a frozen wonder that embodies the harmony between nature, resilience, and cultural pride.
