By | Dr. Nazaket Hussen
The Peshmerga is widely regarded as a historic force that emerged from the Kurdish people’s long struggle for rights, identity, and self-determination. Rather than being formed as a conventional military structure at a single point in time, it developed gradually through decades of political and social resistance.
Throughout modern history, the Peshmerga has played a central role in key phases of the Kurdish struggle, including the fight against ISIS, where its forces gained international recognition for their role in confronting terrorism and stabilizing large parts of the region. These contributions have strengthened its position as one of the most recognized security forces in Iraq.
In the Kurdistan Region, the Peshmerga is viewed by many as a national institution that represents sacrifice and collective memory. It has also been closely associated with the Kurdish political leadership, from earlier generations of the Barzani movement to present-day institutions.
Supporters describe the Peshmerga not merely as a military force but as a symbol of resilience, shaped by years of conflict, displacement, and loss. Tens of thousands have been killed or wounded throughout its history, reinforcing its identity as a force built on sacrifice rather than material gain.
Today, discussions continue regarding its institutional development and coordination within Iraq’s broader security framework. However, for many Kurds, the Peshmerga remains a defining symbol of national identity and historical continuity.